Ruthenian Voivodeship

Coat of arms

The Ruthenian Voivodeship of 1635 within
the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Capital Lwów History Established 1434 Disestablished 1772 Area 1770 55,200 km2 21,313 sq mi Population 1770 1,495,000 Density 271 /km2 701 /sq mi Political subdivisions Five lands divided into 13 counties ¹ Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland The kingdom was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569

The Ruthenian Voivodeship Latin: Palatinatus russiae, Polish: województwo ruskie, Ukrainian: Руське воєводство was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the 1772 First Partition of Poland Together with a number of other voivodeships of southern and eastern part of the Kingdom of Poland, it formed Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown, with its capital city in Kraków Following the Partitions of Poland, most of Ruthenian Voivodeship, except for its northeastern corner, was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, as part of the province of Galicia Today, the former Ruthenian Voivodeship is divided between Poland and Ukraine

1 History
2 Municipal government
3 Administrative division
4 Voivods
5 Neighboring voivodeships and regions
6 See also
7 Notes
8 Sources
9 External links

History

Settled in prehistoric times, the central-eastern European land that is now the southeastern part of Poland and the western part of Ukraine was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts, Goths, and Vandals Przeworsk culture After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area was invaded by Hungarians, Slavs and Avars The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state, and in the 10th century western part of future Ruthenian Voivodeship became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary In Kievan Rus' and Polish sources, western outskirts of the region was called Ziemia czerwieńska, or "Czerwień Land", from the name of Cherven, a town that existed there Today there are several towns with this name, none of them related to Red Ruthenia

This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus' took it over on the way into Poland In 1018 it attached to Poland and 1031 back to Kievan Rus' For approximately 150 years it existed as the independent Principality of Halych and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia also known as the Kingdom of Rus', before being conquered by Casimir III of Poland in 1349 Since these times the name Ruś Czerwona is recorded, translated as "Red Ruthenia" "Czerwień" means red in Slavic languages, or from the Polish village Czermno, applied to a territory extended up to Dniester River, with priority gradually transferred to Przemyśl Since the times of Władysław II Jagiełło, the Przemyśl voivodeship was called Ruthenian Voivodeship województwo ruskie, with its center eventually transferred to Lwów It consisted of five lands: Lwów, Sanok, Halicz, Przemyśl, and Chełm The territory was controlled by the Austrian Empire from 1772 to 1918, when it was known as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article: Geographus Bavarus

Zygmunt Gloger, in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland, provides this description of the Ruthenian Voivodeship:

In the 10th and 11th centuries, Przemysl and Czerwien were the largest gords in this region Later on, Halych emerged as the capital of the province, while the city of Lwów was founded only in 1250 In ca 1349, King Casimir III of Poland took control over Principality of Halych The province was governed by royal starostas, the first one of whom was a man named Jasiek Tarnowski Most probably in final years of reign of King Władysław II Jagiełło, it was named the Ruthenian Voivodeship, as at that time the voivodes of Przemysl began calling themselves the voivodes of Rus' Firs such voivode was Jan Mezyk of Dabrowa

The Ruthenian Voivodeship consisted of five ziemias: those of Lwów, Przemysl, Sanok, Halych and Chelm The two last ones had their own local authorities; furthermore, the Land of Chelm was completely separated from other Ruthenian lands by the Belz Voivodeship Therefore, we should speak separately of four Ruthenian lands, and the Land of Chelm, whose history was much different after the Partitions of Poland The lands of Lwow, Przemysl and Sanok had their sejmiks, which took place in their respective capitals General sejmiks for these three lands were at Sadowa Wisznia, where seven deputies were elected to the Polish Sejm: two from each land, and one from the County of Zydaczow Starostas resided at Lwów, Zhydachiv, Przemysl and Sanok The voivodeship had six senators: the Archbishop of Lwow, the Bishop of Przemysl, the Voivode of Ruthenia, the Castellan of Lwow, and Castellans of Przemysl and Sanok The city of Lwów was the seat of a separate Lesser Poland Tribunal for the voivodeships of Ruthenia, Kijow, Volhynia, Podolia, Belz, Braclaw and Czernihow The County of Zydaczow, even though officially part of Lwow Land, was often regarded as a separate ziemia, with its own coat of arms, granted in 1676 In that years, Lwow Land had 618 villages and 42 towns, while County of Zydaczow had 170 villages and 9 towns

The Land of Przemysl was divided into two counties: those of Przemysl and Przeworsk In 1676, the County of Przemysl had 657 villages and 18 towns, while the County of Przeworsk had 221 villages and 18 towns The Land of Sanok, located in the Carpathian Foothills, was not divided into counties In 1676, it had 371 villages and 12 towns

The Land of Halicz, with its own separate local government, was divided into the counties of Trembowla, Halicz and Kolomyja It had its own sejmik at Halicz, where six deputies were elected to the Polish Sejm two from each county, also one deputy to the Crown Tribunal and one to the Treasury Tribunal at Radom The Land of Halicz had one senator, and starostas, who resided in Halicz, Trembowla, Kolomuja, Tlumacz, Rohatyn, Jablonow, Sniatyn, Krasnopol, and other locations In 1676, it had 565 villages and 38 towns

The Land of Chelm was an enclave, separated from Ruthenian Voivodeship by Belz Voivodeship The Bug river divided this land into two parts, and since the 10th century, Chelm was contested by Poland and Rus In the course of the time, the Lithuanians also joined the conflict It was ended in 1377, when King Louis annexed Chelm The Land of Chelm had its own local offices, and a sejmik, where two deputies to the Sejm and one deputy to the Lesser Poland Tribunal were elected It was divided into counties of Chelm and Krasnystaw, starostas resided in Chelm, Krasnystaw, Ratno, Luboml, Hrubieszow, and other locations The Land of Chelm had two senators: the Bishop of Chelm and the Castellan of Chelm In 1676, there were 427 villages and 23 towns in both counties Southern part of the Land of Chelm belonged to the vast Zamoyski Family Fee Tail, which stretched beyond the region, into Urzedow County of Lublin Voivodeship

Red Ruthenia 14th century

Municipal government

Seat of the Voivodeship Governor Wojewoda:

Lwów

Regional Sejmik sejmik generalny for all Ruthene lands

Sądowa Wisznia

Seats of Regional Sejmik sejmik poselski i deputacki:

Lwów
Halicz
Sądowa Wisznia
Przemyśl
Sanok
Chełm

Administrative division

Lwów Land

Przemyśl Land

Sanok Land

Chełm Land

Chełm Land Ziemia Chełmska, Chełm
- Chełm County, Powiat Chełmski, Chełm
- Krasnystaw County, Powiat Krasnystawski, Krasnystaw
- Ratno County, Powiat Ratneński, Ratno
Halicz Land Ziemia Halicka, Halicz
- Halicz County, Powiat Halicki, Halicz
- Kolomyja County, Powiat Kołomyjski, Kolomyja
- Trembowla County, Powiat Trembowelski, Trembowla later transferred to Podolie Voivodeship
Lwów Land Ziemia Lwowska, Lwów
- Lwów County, Powiat Lwowski, Lwów
- Żydaczów County, Powiat Żydaczowski, Żydaczów
Przemyśl Land Ziemia Przemyska, Przemyśl
- Przemyśl County Powiat Przemyski, Przemyśl
- Sambor County, Powiat Samborski, Sambor
- Drohobycz County, Powiat Drohobycki, Drohobycz
- Stryj County, Powiat Stryjski, Stryj
Sanok Land Ziemia Sanocka, Sanok
- Sanok County Powiat Sanocki, Sanok

Voivods

Stanisław Chodecki de Chotcza, from 1466–1474
Jakub Buczacki – from 1501
Stanisław Kmita de Wiśnicz, from 1500 -
Jan Odrowąż, from 1510 -
Jan Tarnowski from April 2, 1527
Stanisław Odrowąż from 1542
Piotr Firlej 1545–1553
Hieronim Jarosz Sieniawski from 1576
Jan Daniłowicz de Olesko, from 1605
Stanisław Lubomirski, 1628–1638
Jakub Sobieski from June 1641
Jeremi Michał Wiśniowiecki from April 1646 to 1651
Stefan Czarniecki from 1651
Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski from 1664
Jan Stanisław Jabłonowski, 1697–1731
August Aleksander Czartoryski from 1731
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki from 1782

Neighboring voivodeships and regions

Kraków Voivodeship
Sandomierz Voivodeship
Brzesc Litewski Voivodeship
Wolhynian Voivodeship
Bełz Voivodeship
Podole Voivodeship
Moldavia
Zemplín
Uzh county
Máramaros

Notes

^ Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski Archived May 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine by Zygmunt Gloger 1903 Biblioteka Literatury Polskiej Uniwersytet Gdański Instytut Filologii Polskiej 2003
^ Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Lands Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich tom XV, pages 561–562 Warszawa 1876 digital edition
^ Adam Fastnacht Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages, Kraków, 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3

Sources

“Monumenta Poloniae Historica” Digital copy
Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z archiwum ziemskiego Lauda sejmikowe Tom XXIII, XXIV, XXV Digital edition
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego Digital edition
Central European Superpower, Henryk Litwin, BUM Magazine, October 2016
Lustracja województwa ruskiego, podolskiego i bełskiego, 1564–1565 Warszawa, I edition 2001, pages 289 ISBN 83-7181-193-4
Lustracje dóbr królewskich XVI-XVIII wieku Lustracja województwa ruskiego 1661–1665 Część III ziemie halicka i chełmska Polska Akademia Nauk – Instytut Historii 1976
Lustracje województw ruskiego, podolskiego i bełskiego 1564–1565, wyd K Chłapowski, H Żytkowicz, cz 1, Warszawa – Łódź 1992
Lustracje województwa ruskiego 1661–1665, wyd E i K Artanowscy, cz 3, Ziemia halicka i chełmska, Warszawa 1976
Lustracja województwa ruskiego 1661–1665, cz 1: Ziemia przemyska i sanocka, wyd K Arłamowski i w Kaput, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1970

External links

Ruthenian Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger

v e Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Province of Greater Poland	Brześć Kujawski Chełmno Gniezno Inowrocław Kalisz Łęczyca Malbork Masovian Płock Pomeranian Poznań Rawa Sieradz Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
Province of Lesser Poland	Bełz Bracław Chernihów Kiev Kraków Lublin Podlaskie Podolian Ruthenian Sandomierz Volhynia Duchy of Siewierz
Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Brest Litovsk Minsk Mstsislaw Nowogródek Połock Smolensk Trakai Vilnius Vitebsk Duchy of Samogitia
Polish Livonia	Duchy of Livonia 1561–1621: Dorpat, Parnawa, Wenden Inflanty 1621–1772
Fiefs	Lauenburg and Bütow Land Duchy of Prussia Duchy of Courland and Semigallia