List of monarchs of Luxembourg
list of monarchs of luxembourg luxembourg, list of monarchs of luxembourg gardensThe territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815
Contents
- 1 Counts of Luxembourg
- 11 Elder House of Luxembourg
- 12 House of Luxembourg-Namur
- 13 House of Hohenstaufen
- 14 House of Luxembourg-Namur
- 15 House of Luxembourg-Limburg
- 2 Dukes of Luxembourg
- 21 House of Luxembourg-Limburg
- 211 Claimants
- 22 House of Valois-Burgundy
- 23 House of Habsburg
- 24 House of Bourbon
- 25 House of Wittelsbach
- 26 House of Habsburg
- 27 House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- 21 House of Luxembourg-Limburg
- 3 Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
- 31 House of Orange-Nassau
- 32 House of Nassau-Weilburg
- 4 See also
- 5 Footnotes
- 6 External links
- 7 References
Counts of Luxembourgedit
Elder House of Luxembourgedit
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siegfried | 922 | 28 October 998 | 963 – 28 October 998 |
||
Henry I | 964 | 27 February 1026 | 28 October 998 – 27 February 1026 |
his son | |
Henry II | 1007 | 16 October 1047 | 27 February 1026 – 16 October 1047 |
his nephew | |
Giselbert | 1007 | 14 August 1059 | 16 October 1047 – 14 August 1059 |
his brother | |
Conrad I | 1040 | 8 August 1086 | 14 August 1059 – 8 August 1086 |
his son | |
Henry III | 1070 | 1096 | 8 August 1086 – 1096 |
his son | |
William I | 1081 | 1131 | 1096 – 1131 |
his brother | |
Conrad II | 1106 | 1136 | 1131 – 1136 |
his son |
House of Luxembourg-Namuredit
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry IV the Blind |
1112 | 14 August 1196 | 1136 – 14 August 1196 |
his first cousin |
House of Hohenstaufenedit
Main article: House of HohenstaufenImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otto | June/July 1170 | 13 January 1200 | 1196 – 1197 |
his third-cousin once removed |
House of Luxembourg-Namuredit
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ermesinde | July 1186 | 12 February 1247 | 1197 – 12 February 1247 |
Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin | |
Theobald I | 1158 | 13 February 1214 | 1197 – 13 February 1214 |
her first husband and co-ruler | |
Waleran | 1180 | 2 July 1226 | May 1214 – 2 July 1226 |
her second husband and co-ruler |
House of Luxembourg-Limburgedit
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry V the Blond |
1216 | 24 December 1281 | 12 February 1247 – 24 December 1281 |
their son | |
Henry VI the Condemned |
1240 | 5 June 1288 | 24 December 1281 – 5 June 1288 |
his son | |
Henry VII | 1275/1270 | 24 August 1313 | 5 June 1288 – 24 August 1313 |
his son | |
John the Blind |
10 August 1296 | 26 August 1346 | 24 August 1313 – 26 August 1346 |
his son | |
Charles I | 14 May 1316 | 29 November 1378 | 26 August 1346 – 1353 |
his son | |
Wenceslaus I | 25 February 1337 | 7 December 1383 | 1353 – 13 March 1354 |
his brother |
Dukes of Luxembourgedit
In 1354 the county was elevated to a duchy
House of Luxembourg-Limburgedit
Main article: House of LuxembourgImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wenceslaus I | 25 February 1337 | 7 December 1383 | 13 March 1354 – 7 December 1383 |
himself as count | |
Wenceslas II the Lazy |
26 February 1361 | 16 August 1419 | 7 December 1383 – 1388 |
his nephew | |
Jobst | December 1351 | 18 January 1411 | 1388 – 18 January 1411 |
his cousin | |
Elisabeth I | November 1390 | 2 August 1451 | 18 January 1411 – 1443 |
his heiress & first cousin once removed | |
Anthony | August 1384 | 25 October 1415 | 18 January 1411 – 25 October 1415 |
her first husband and co-ruler | |
John II the Pitiless |
1374 | 6 January 1425 | 10 March 1418 – 6 January 1425 |
her second husband and co-ruler |
As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative
Claimantsedit
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elisabeth I | November 1390 | 2 August 1451 | 1443 – 2 August 1451 |
||
Ladislaus the Posthumous |
22 February 1440 | 23 November 1457 | 2 August 1451 – 23 November 1457 |
her first cousin once removed | |
Anne | 12 April 1432 | 13 November 1462 | 23 November 1457 – 13 November 1462 |
his sister | |
William the Brave |
30 April 1425 | 17 September 1482 | her husband and co-pretender | ||
Elisabeth II | 1436 | 30 August 1505 | 13 November 1462 – 1467 |
her sister | |
Casimir Jagiellon | 30 November 1427 | 7 June 1492 | her husband and co-pretender | ||
George of Poděbrady | 23 April 1420 | 22 March 1471 | 1458 – 1471 |
claimed title as king of Bohemia1 |
House of Valois-Burgundyedit
Main article: House of Valois-BurgundyIn 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philip I the Good |
31 July 1396 | 15 June 1467 | 1443 – 15 June 1467 |
Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and usurper | |
Charles II the Bold |
10 November 1433 | 5 January 1477 | 15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477 |
his son | |
Mary I the Rich |
13 February 1457 | 27 March 1482 | 5 January 1477 – 27 March 1482 |
his daughter | |
Maximilian I the Last Knight |
22 March 1459 | 12 January 1519 | her husband and co-ruler |
House of Habsburgedit
Main article: House of HabsburgIn 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philip II the Handsome |
22 July 1478 | 25 September 1506 | 27 March 1482 – 25 September 1506 |
their son | |
Charles III the Golden One |
24 February 1500 | 21 September 1558 | 25 September 1506 – 16 January 1556 |
his son | |
Philip III the Prudent |
21 May 1527 | 13 September 1598 | 16 January 1556 – 13 September 1598 |
his son | |
Isabella Clara Eugenia | 12 August 1566 | 1 December 1633 | 6 May 1598 – 13 July 1621 |
his daughter | |
Albert | 15 November 1559 | 13 July 1621 | his son-in-law | ||
Philip IV the Great |
8 April 1605 | 17 September 1665 | 31 July 1621 – 17 September 1665 |
their nephew | |
Charles IV the Bewitched |
6 November 1661 | 1 November 1700 | 17 September 1665 – 1 November 1700 |
his son |
During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, from the House of Bourbon and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, from the House of Habsburg In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but with the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Max Emanuel was restored Elector of Bavaria In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg
House of Bourbonedit
Main article: House of BourbonImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philip V Philippe de France |
19 December 1683 | 9 July 1746 | 1 November 1700 – 1712 |
his grandnephew |
House of Wittelsbachedit
Main article: House of WittelsbachImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximilian II Maximilian Emanuel Ludwig Maria Joseph Kajetan Anton Nikolaus Franz Ignaz Felix |
11 July 1662 | 26 February 1726 | 1712 – 11 April 1713 |
his uncle |
House of Habsburgedit
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles V Karl Franz Joseph Wenceslau Balthasar Johann Anton Ignatius |
1 October 1685 | 20 October 1740 | 11 April 1713 – 20 October 1740 |
his second cousin | |
Maria II Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina |
13 May 1717 | 29 November 1780 | 20 October 1740 – 29 November 1780 |
his daughter |
House of Habsburg-Lorraineedit
Main article: House of Habsburg-LorraineImage | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Francis I François Étienne |
8 December 1708 | 18 August 1765 | 21 November 1740 – 18 August 1765 |
her husband | |
Joseph Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam |
13 March 1741 | 20 February 1790 | 29 November 1780 – 20 February 1790 |
their son | |
Leopold Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard |
5 May 1747 | 1 March 1792 | 20 February 1790 – 1 March 1792 |
his brother | |
Francis II Francis Joseph Charles |
12 February 1768 | 2 March 1835 | 1 March 1792 – 1794 |
his son |
Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813 At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands
Grand Dukes of Luxembourgedit
Main article: Monarchy of LuxembourgThe Grand Duke of Luxembourg or Grand Duchess in the event of a female monarch is the head of state of Luxembourg Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign extant Grand Duchy, a status to which Luxembourg was promoted in 1815 upon its unification with the Netherlands under the House of Orange-Nassau
The Luxembourgian constitution defines the Grand Duke's position:
“ | The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country2 | ” |
House of Orange-Nassauedit
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guillaume I Willem Frederik Prince William VI of Orange |
24 August 1772 | 12 December 1843 | 15 March 1815 – 7 October 1840 |
Francis' third cousin and Anne's direct descendant |
|
Guillaume II Willem Frederik George Lodewijk |
6 December 1792 | 17 March 1849 | 7 October 1840 – 17 March 1849 |
his son | |
Guillaume III Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk |
17 February 1817 | 23 November 1890 | 17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890 |
his son |
House of Nassau-Weilburgedit
Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact Luxembourg and Nassau were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg
In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau, and also constitute a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death | Succession right |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adolphe 23 November 1890 – 17 November 1905 |
24 July 1817 Wiesbaden Prussia |
1 Grand Duchess Elizabeth 31 January 1844 1 child stillborn 2 Grand Duchess Adelheid-Marie 23 April 1851 5 children |
17 November 1905 Colmar-Berg |
17th cousin once removed of William III |
|
Guillaume IV 17 November 1905 – 25 February 1912 |
22 April 1852 Wiesbaden Prussia |
Grand Duchess Marie Anne 6 children |
25 February 1912 Colmar-Berg |
Son of Adolphe |
|
Marie-Adélaïde 25 February 1912 – 14 January 1919 abdicated |
14 June 1894 Colmar-Berg |
Unmarried childless |
24 January 1924 Lenggries Germany |
Daughter of William IV |
|
Charlotte 14 January 1919 – 12 November 1964 abdicated |
23 January 1896 Colmar-Berg |
Prince Felix 6 November 1919 6 children |
9 July 1985 Fischbach |
Daughter of William IV / Sister of Marie-Adélaïde |
|
Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000 abdicated |
5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg |
Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte 9 April 1953 5 children |
Living | Son of Charlotte |
|
Henri 7 October 2000 – present |
16 April 1955 Betzdorf |
Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 4 February/14 February 1981 5 children |
Living | Son of Jean |
See alsoedit
- Coat of arms of Luxembourg
- Duchy of Luxembourg
- Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
- History of Luxembourg
- Line of succession to the throne of Luxembourg
- List of consorts of Luxembourg
- List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg
Footnotesedit
- ^ History of the Bohemian royal titles based on contemporary documents
- ^ "Constitution de Luxembourg" PDF in French Service central de législation Retrieved 1 July 2007
External linksedit
- History of titles of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents before 1467
- History of titles of the dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents 1467-1795
- History of titles of the grand dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents since 1814
Referencesedit
- Thewes, Guy July 2003 Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 PDF in French Édition limitée ed Luxembourg City: Service Information et Presse ISBN 2-87999-118-8 Retrieved 1 July 2007
- French/German "Archives of Mémorial A" Service central de législation Retrieved 1 July 2007
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List of monarchs of Luxembourg
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