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Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri

ibn shihab al-zuhri
Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri1 Arabic: ابن شهاب الزهري‎‎ died AH 124/741-2, usually called simply Ibn Shihab or al-Zuhri He was a central figure among the early collectors of sīra—biographies of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad

Contents

• 1 Life
• 2 Umayyads
• 3 Views
  • 31 Sunni view
  • 32 Non-Muslim view
• 4 Early Islam scholars
• 5 Notes
• 6 Further reading

Lifeedit

Ibn Sa'd2 has an account purporting to be in al-Zuhri's own words describing how he left his home in Medina, went to Damascus to standardise the application of law and was recruited into the administration of the Caliph Abd al-Malik The Caliph observed that his father had supported Ibn al-Zubayr against him in the recent civil war But the Caliph's policy toward the Zubayrites was reconciliation and his father's politics were not held against him

No connected account of al-Zuhris life after that has come down to us There is no evidence he ever again lived in Medina Abd al-Malik died in AH 86 705 CE and al-Zuhri continued to serve the Umayyad court the rest of his life He died in AH 124 741–2 CE

In the initial conversation with Abd al-Malik the names of earlier Islamic scholars whom al-Zuhri had come in contact with in Madinah are mentioned: 'Abdullah ibn Tha'laba al-'Adawi though he is disparaged, Said ibn al-Musayyib, Urwah ibn Zubayr, 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utba, Abu Bakr ibn 'Abdul-Rahman ibn al-Harith, Kharija ibn Zayd ibn Thabit and 'Abdul-Rahman ibn Yazid ibn Jariya There are many stories about the strength of al-Zuhri's learning and all the scholar's in the west who were alive when he died quoted from him in their own works2

Some sources, but not Ibn Sa'd, say that he had a son named Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr al-Zuhricitation needed

Umayyadsedit

Many of the areas under the Umayyads had previously been under the Romans or the Persians and previously had their own legal systems The Qazis used as judges by the Umayyads did not implement a standardised version of jurisprudence To standardise the legal systems and in complex legal cases, many scholars in Madina would advice these judges To enhance their education, many Umayyad rulers also sent their children to Madina for education Shihab al-Zuhri later worked in Damascus and also taught the son of Caliph Hisham died AH 125/743 This does not mean that he supported the Umayyads Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri felt that his student Walid would become a corrupt and oppressive ruler His relationship with the spoilt prince Walid ruled for one year 125 after al-Zuhri's death got so bad that Walid only survived after his father restrained Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri from killing his spoilt son 2

Viewsedit

Sunni viewedit

Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri is regarded as one of the greatest Sunni authorities on Hadith The leading critics of Hadith such as Ibn al-Madini, Ibn Hibban, Abu Hatim, Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani are all agreed upon his indisputable authority He received ahadith from many Sahaba Companions and numerous scholars among the first and second generations after the Companions narrated from him

In his famous letter to Malik ibn Anas, Laith ibn Sa`d writes:

Ibn Shihab would give many contradicting statements, when we would meet him While if any one of us would ask him something in writing, he, in spite of being so learned, would give three contradictory answers to the same question He would not even be aware of what he had said about the issue in the past This is what prompted me to give up what you do not approve of ie quoting a narrative on the authority of ibn Shihab3

Non-Muslim viewedit

Harald Motzki regards al-Zuhri as reliable4

Early Islam scholarsedit

v e Early Islamic scholars

Muhammad 570–632 prepared the Constitution of Medina, taught the Quran, and advised his companions                                                     `Abd Allah bin Masud died 650 taught Ali 607-661 fourth caliph taught Aisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taught Abd Allah ibn Abbas 618-687 taught Zayd ibn Thabit 610-660 taught Umar 579-644 second caliph taught Abu Hurairah 603 – 681 taught                                                                                                           Alqama ibn Qays died 681 taught   Husayn ibn Ali 626–680 taught Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr 657-725 taught and raised by Aisha Urwah ibn Zubayr died 713 taught by Aisha, he then taught Said ibn al-Musayyib 637-715 taught Abdullah ibn Umar 614-693 taught Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 624-692 taught by Aisha, he then taught                                                                                           Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taught     Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin 659–712 taught         Hisham ibn Urwah 667-772 taught Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri died 741 taught Salim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taught Umar ibn Abdul Aziz 682-720 raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar                                                                                   Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught     Muhammad al-Baqir 676-733 taught Farwah bint al-Qasim Abu Bakr's great grand daughter Jafar's mother                                                               Abu Hanifa 699 — 767 wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah Shia and originally by the Fatimid and taught Zayd ibn Ali 695-740 Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir 702–765 Ali's and Abu Bakr's great great grand son taught Malik ibn Anas 711 – 795 wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa and taught   Al-Waqidi 748 – 822 wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam died 829 wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas                                                                 Abu Yusuf 729-798 wrote Usul al-fiqh Muhammad al-Shaybani 749–805       Al-Shafi‘i 767—820 wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni and taught Ismail ibn Ibrahim   Ali ibn al-Madini 778–849 wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions   Ibn Hisham died 833 wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography                                                             Isma'il ibn Jafar 719-775 Musa al-Kadhim 745-799   Ahmad ibn Hanbal 780—855 wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni and hadith books Muhammad al-Bukhari 810-870 wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith books Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 815-875 wrote Sahih Muslim hadith books Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi 824-892 wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith books Al-Baladhuri died 892 wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles                                 Ibn Majah 824- 887 wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith book   Abu Dawood 817–889 wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book             Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 864- 941 wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver Shia                     Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 838–923 wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-Tabari   Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari 874–936 wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna             Ibn Babawayh 923-991 wrote Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia   Sharif Razi 930-977 wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver Shia   Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 1201-1274 wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver Shia     Al-Ghazali 1058–1111 wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on Sufism   Rumi 1207-1273 wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism               KEY: Some of Muhammad's Companions KEY: Taught in Medina KEY: Taught in Iraq KEY: Worked in Syria KEY: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith KEY: Worked in Iran

Notesedit

1. ^ Our sources do not agree about his name The form used in the text comes from Ibn Ishaq where it appears on page 4 of Guillaume's translation of "Sirat Rasul Allah" On the other hand Ibn Sa'd in Ayeasha Bewley's translation called "The Men of Madina – vol II, pages 273–81 first says it was Muhammad ibn 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn Shihab and then quotes him as saying his name was "Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn Shihab ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Zuhra
2. ^ a b c cited above
3. ^ Ibn Qayyim, a`laam al- Muwaqqi'in, vol 3, Beirut: Daru'l-Jayl, p 85 This statement however did not prevent al-Laith from quoting many hadiths from al-Zuhri if we are to believe the isnads in al-Bukhari
4. ^ http://peopleuncwedu/bergh/par246/L21RHadithCriticismhtm

Further readingedit

• There is an excellent modern discussion of al-Zuhri, his life, works and legacy in the eighth chapter of Azami's Studies in Early Hadith Literature: Mohmammad Mustafa Azmi "Studies in Early Hadith Literature: with a Critical Edition of Some Early texts" 1st edition 1968, 3rd edition 1992 used, American Trust Publications, ISBN 0-89259-125-0
• Boekhoff-van der Voort, Nicolet, Umayyad Court, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God 2 vols, Edited by C Fitzpatrick and A Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol II, pp659-663 ISBN 1610691776 An Entry on the Umayyad court and, in particular, the impact of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri by a leading specialist on al-Zuhri

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 88343299 LCCN: n85373512 ISNI: 0000 0001 1845 1537 GND: 118932896 SELIBR: 201341

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